Create a special thermal model container for a steady-state or transient thermal model.

Define 2-D or 3-D geometry and mesh it.

Assign thermal properties of the material, such as thermal conductivity k, specific heat c, and mass density ρ.

Specify internal heat sources Q within the geometry.

Specify temperatures on the boundaries or heat fluxes through the boundaries. For convective heat flux through the boundary $$htc\left(T-T_{\infty }\right)$$, specify the ambient temperature $$T_{\infty }$$ and the convective heat transfer coefficient htc. For radiative heat flux $$\epsilon \sigma \left(T^4-T_{\infty }{}^4\right)$$, specify the ambient temperature $$T_{\infty }$$, emissivity ε, and Stefan-Boltzmann constant σ.

Set an initial temperature or initial guess.

Solve and plot results, such as the resulting temperatures, temperature gradients, heat fluxes, and heat rates.

Approximate dynamic characteristics of a thermal model by using reduced order modeling (ROM).