Main Content

Bond Prices and Yield Curve Parallel Shifts

Open Live Script

This example uses Financial Toolbox™ bond pricing functions to evaluate the impact of time-to-maturity and yield variation on the price of a bond portfolio. Also, this example shows how to visualize the price behavior of a portfolio of bonds over a wide range of yield curve scenarios, and as time progresses toward maturity.

Specify values for the settlement date, maturity date, face value, coupon rate, and coupon payment periodicity of a four-bond portfolio. For simplicity, accept default values for the end-of-month payment rule (rule in effect) and day-count basis (actual/actual). Also, synchronize the coupon payment structure to the maturity date (no odd first or last coupon dates). Any inputs for which defaults are accepted are set to empty matrices ([]) as placeholders where appropriate. Also, specify the points on the yield curve for each bond. 

Settle     = datetime(1995,1,15);
Maturity   = datetime( [2020, 4, 3;...
                        2025, 5,14;...
                        2019, 6, 9;...
                        2019, 2,25])
Maturity = 4x1 datetime
   03-Apr-2020
   14-May-2025
   09-Jun-2019
   25-Feb-2019


Face       = [1000; 1000; 1000; 1000];
CouponRate = [0; 0.05; 0; 0.055];
Periods    = [0; 2; 0; 2];

Yields = [0.078; 0.09; 0.075; 0.085];

Use Financial Toolbox functions to calculate the true bond prices as the sum of the quoted price plus accrued interest. 

[CleanPrice, AccruedInterest] = bndprice(Yields,... 
CouponRate,Settle, Maturity, Periods,...
[], [], [], [], [], [], Face);

Prices  =  CleanPrice + AccruedInterest
Prices = 4×1

  145.2452
  594.7757
  165.8949
  715.7584

Assume that the value of each bond is $25,000, and determine the quantity of each bond such that the portfolio value is $100,000. 

BondAmounts = 25000 ./ Prices;

Compute the portfolio price for a rolling series of settlement dates over a range of yields. The evaluation dates occur annually on January 15, beginning on 15-Jan-1995 (settlement) and extending out to 15-Jan-2018. Thus, this step evaluates portfolio price on a grid of time of progression (dT) and interest rates (dY). 

dy = -0.05:0.005:0.05;               % Yield changes

D  = datevec(Settle);                % Get date components
dt = datetime(year(Settle):2018, month(Settle), day(Settle)); % Get evaluation dates

[dT, dY]  =  meshgrid(dt, dy); % Create grid

NumTimes  =  length(dt);       % Number of time steps
NumYields =  length(dy);       % Number of yield changes
NumBonds  =  length(Maturity); % Number of bonds

% Preallocate vector
Prices = zeros(NumTimes*NumYields, NumBonds);

Now that the grid and price vectors have been created, compute the price of each bond in the portfolio on the grid one bond at a time. 

for i = 1:NumBonds

   [CleanPrice, AccruedInterest] = bndprice(Yields(i)+... 
   dY(:), CouponRate(i), dT(:), Maturity(i), Periods(i),...
   [], [], [], [], [], [], Face(i));

   Prices(:,i) = CleanPrice + AccruedInterest;

end

Scale the bond prices by the quantity of bonds and reshape the bond values to conform to the underlying evaluation grid. 

Prices = Prices * BondAmounts;
Prices = reshape(Prices, NumYields, NumTimes);

Plot the price of the portfolio as a function of settlement date and a range of yields, and as a function of the change in yield (dY). This plot illustrates the interest-rate sensitivity of the portfolio as time progresses (dT), under a range of interest-rate scenarios. With the following graphics commands, you can visualize the three-dimensional surface relative to the current portfolio value (that is, $100,000). 

figure                   % Open a new figure window
surf(dt, dy, Prices)     % Draw the surface

hold on                  % Add the current value for reference
basemesh = mesh(dt, dy, 100000*ones(NumYields, NumTimes));
set(basemesh, 'facecolor', 'none');
set(basemesh, 'edgecolor', 'm');
set(gca, 'box', 'on');

xlim(datetime([1993,2020],1,1))
xlabel('Evaluation Date');
ylabel('Change in Yield');
zlabel('Portfolio Price');
hold off
view(-25,25);

Figure contains an axes object. The axes object with xlabel Evaluation Date, ylabel Change in Yield contains 2 objects of type surface.

MATLAB® three-dimensional graphics allow you to visualize the interest-rate risk experienced by a bond portfolio over time. This example assumed parallel shifts in the term structure, but it might similarly have allowed other components to vary, such as the level and slope.

See Also

| | | | | | | | | |

Related Topics