Calculates the performance of two linearly polarized patch antennas.

Analyze the multi band characteristics of fractal antennas and compare the size of fractal antennas with conventional antennas. The term fractal means irregular fragment. A Fractal is a rough or fragmented geometric shape that can be subdivided in parts, each of which is a reduced size of the whole. Fractal geometries are applied to antenna elements which aids in creating antennas of compact size and multi band behavior. These characteristics are required in small and complex circuits. Fractal antennas are multiband, high gain, low profile antennas. They are compact relative to the conventional antennas because of their efficient space filling nature.

Create, model, and analyze two-arm log-periodic sawtooth planar microstrip antenna [1]. It is a bowtie-like antenna that consists of two arms located on the square-shaped FR4 dielectric substrate. This example designs a log-periodic sawtooth planar antenna with stable impedance over a wide bandwidth from 300 MHz to 1200 GHz. This antenna is widely used in the ultra high frequency (UHF) range and for ultra-wideband (UWB) systems such as ground penetrating radar systems (GPRs). The non-evasive and nondestructive technique in GPRs uses electromagnetic radiation in the microwave band. GPRs use high-frequency radio waves, usually in the 10 MHz to 2.6 GHz range.

Design dipole helix antennas using different conductors and analyze their characteristics as functions of the conductor thickness and conductivity.